The first edition was published in 1950. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development outlined 8 stages that Fractus Learning people who are healthy go through. Each stage is defined by a crisis which either creates or damages a person’s personality. The theory builds upon Freud’s psychosexual stages,and incorporates societal influences. The theory has been criticized for its generalizations,yet it continues to play an important part in mental thinking. It has also proved useful in changing the way we think of middle and late adulthood as active times of personal growth,not just the time to live through.
The infancy stage is the beginning that lasts about 18 months. At this time when the baby is totally dependent on the caregiver. They gain trust through seeing their caregivers’ response to their needs,such as feeding and soothing. The treatment they receive at this period will be a lasting influence in their feelings of security and confidence in themselves.
The stage of toddlerhood is Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development and occurs between the ages of 18 months and 2 years. The child develops a independence during this phase,and the success or failure of this stage can have a significant impact on their development and personality. If a child is not able overcome feelings of doubt or shame during the time of their development,they’ll be battling with them throughout their lives. On the other hand when a child is able to successfully complete this phase it will allow them to develop intimate relationships later in life.
Preschool is the third stage of Erikson’s theories and occurs between the ages of 3 and 5. In this age group,children are learning to connect with others and develop a strong sense of self-belief. Teachers and parents need to encourage positive interactions with children at this age. Positive interactions can help encourage independence of the child while providing guidance and support for their efforts. Negative interactions,such as negativity or indifference,could damage a child’s confidence and self-esteem.
The fourth phase of Erikson’s theories is elementary school which occurs between the six and twelve years of age. It is at this stage that children begin to feel pressured by others including teachers and classmates. This is also the stage that a child starts to develop their sense of accomplishment and their capacity to be a hard worker towards goals and accomplishments. Teachers who encourage and praise their students will help them gain confidence and confidence,and they will not feel the need to compare their abilities to other students.
As they reach middle age the majority of people contemplate their mortality. There is also a sense of regret for actions they took or did not do. If a person can overcome the challenges of this stage is likely to enjoy a satisfying and rich retirement. If they do not resolve these issues they could experience the onset of a midlife crisis that can result in serious mental health problems.
